Emanuel a



E. A. MARTIN. ELECTRIC AIR HEATER. APPLIcmoN F|LED1uNE19,x91s.

1,332,052 Ptented Feb. 24, 1920.

l" EMANU EL A. MARTIN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

ELECTRIC AIR-HEATER.

Specicaton of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 24, 1920.

vApplication led June 19, 1918. Serial No. 240,756.

To all 'whom-fit may concern:

Be it known that I, EMANUEL A. MARTIN, a citizen ofthe United States, and resident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Electric Air-Heaters; and I do hereby declare the following to be av full, clear, and exact description thereof. Y

My invention relates to electric heaters, and is particularly concerned with a device of this general character'which may be in the form of a portable heater to be placed at any convenient point, either on the floor, on a desk, or on a window-sill, or it may be made in a form suitable for suspension from an electric light bracket. n

AThe heater, in general, comprises a heating element which is preferably mounted in a vertical position, and is somewhatv in the form of a flue adapted tov conduct cold air through the heater, whereby the air is heated, thus increasing the eiiiciency of the device and accomplishing several other advantages, as will be hereinafter described.

The heater also may be provided with a reflector to distribute the heat, and also with a guard to prevent actual contact with the heating element.

With the above and other objects in View, as will be ascertained from the following description, the invention consists in a con` struction and arrangement of parts a preferred embodiment of which is illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which Figure lis a face view of the portable heater; Fig. Q -is a vertical sectional 'view taken through heating element; and Fig. 3 is a transverse sectional view ofthe heating element on the line 3-8, Fig. 2.

In the embodiment of the invention herein selected for illustration, the heater may comprise a base l and a standard 2 in the case of a portable heater which is to rest upon the floor, a table, window-sill or the like. To the top of the standard 2 is clamped a bracket 3 by means of a suitable nut and boltv 4, which bracket supports the body proper of the heater.

The heater proper may consist of the body member 5 preferably in the form of a concavo-convex plate, which is attached to the bracket member at 6, and which may be and 'preferably is, as shown in Fig. 1, of oval form` in face view.v The perimeter.V of the Y body member 5' is' provided with' the extension flange T upon which may be mounted a guard member consisting of va wire framework or grid 8.

' lVithin the body member 5 of the heater may be mounted a reflector 9 preferably of polished metal which may be spaced away from the body member 5 by means of spacing blocks 10, which blocks may be if desired of heat insulating material, thus leaving a space between the back of the re- Hector and the inner wall of the body member, which permits more or less free circulation of air and prevents the body of the heater becoming unduly heated; though it is to be understood that the reiiector is not necessarily thus spaced as the construction of the heater is such that the'body never becomes unduly warm.

One of the distinctive features of my electric heater consists in the construction and arrangement of the heating element proper. This, as clearlv shown, in Fig. 2, comprises the heating element proper 11 which may consist of a tube of refractory material such as clay or other suitable electric insulating material. This tube is wound with a number of coils of high resistance wire or conductors. This heating element 11-12 may have the end extensions 13 which are adapted to t within metal tubes 14, which tubes in turn are secured at 15 and 16 at the top and bottom respectivelv of the body member 5 of the heater. The central or wound section of the heating member 11 may terminate in annular shoulders 17, if desired, in order to space the coil 12 from the ends of the metal tubes 14,

. While my improved heating element 11 may be of any desired cross section within the broad scope of the invention, I prefer to form it of the cross section indicated in Fig. 3, in which the rear or other portion 18 directly opposite the back or body 5 of the heater, as the front of the tube, as at 19, is rounded preferably to semi-circular cross section. This feature has lseveral advantages. In the first place` the curved side or that of greater area of the heating element being presented to the front presents the greater radiating surface, and thus throws a `greater amount of heat from the incandescent windings out into the room. Furthermore, inasmuch as the straightrear side '18 of the heating element is Hat, it presents a less radiating surface and thereforehas less tendency toheat the back or body portion'5 of theheater, and necessitates.lessfindirect f reflection ofheat. ln short, the greater percentage of heat for the heating element is directly radiated out into the room from the front or curved side of the heatingelement.

g The construction and manner of mounting this `Vheating elementY has the further adyanf tage Vthat it forms a vertical tiibe or flue extending from' the bottomto the top of the heater. Consequently, as the heating ele'- ment at thefcenter is heated, cold air is drawn in at the'lower end 20- of this tube,

heating flue.

passes through the heated zone'of the heated elementill and is dissipated out through the room through the upper open end 2l of the i This arrangement adds materially yto the heating capacity of theV device. Moreover, this Vfeature also serves vto v carry od and dissipate the heat of the heating element generally-instead of directing or concentrating a large percentage of heat Y against the back or body 5 of the heater.

The result vgenerally of they peculiar form `and arrangement of my flue-likeheatingV element is to preserveV the entire device from overheating and to more e'ectually dissipate and disseminate the heat of thel heater outinto the room. Y i Y The construction herein referred to has the further Vadvantage that the heating element vis supported in the heater entirely indepe'ndentlyV of the electric connections. As

/ will be seen from anrinspection'of Fig. 2,

cny

the heating coil l2 maybe connected'to centact posts 22 which extend through the bach wall of the heater, as shown and are insulated by vsuitable bushings 23 within 'the plug openings 24C of the plug plate 25,v f These contact'postsrQQ may be split as at 26 40V and the 'connecting terminals 27 ofthe heating coil l2 may be secured thereto by means of screwsv 28. Y 'Y By this construction, it will be seen that the support of the heating element within theheater isin no way dependent upon the strength or arrangement of the electrical connections, asis the case in a number of constructions now in" use, but vmy heating l element isentirely self supporting and is rigidly heldin the vsleeves Vll; Y Y

The advantages of the invention therefore proper position by means of y consist in part in the fact that the heating element yis of line-like form, whereby-"a cur- 55 rent of cold air constantly passes through the same, becomes heated Vand is disseminated out into the room. rlhis heat flue is Y vertically arranged and therefore adds toV the draft force acting on the current of air passing through theheater. The passage of air through the heatingelement in this manner serves to maintain the body of the heater as fa whole at a lower temperature, and therefore the Vusers thereof are not liable to be subjected painful Iburns by handling the saine. The shapeof the heating ele-V ment, as illustrated in cross section, in Fig. 3 conduces to a wider dissemination of the heat out into theV room instead of back againstrthe body of the heater. lt will be vnoted also from the manner of mounting Atheheater upon the stand or base l-2 by upon its capacity for heating the airl sur-` rounding the heating element and radiatingV I that heat out into the room.

VTWhile l have' herein-described a partic-Y ular embodiment of my heating device and have specified certain particular construcf tions and arrangements of'parts, it is'to be understood that the invention is not Vlimited strictly to these elements, lout'may be variedy in details within tliescope of the appended claims. n

l/lfhat claim is Vl. An electric heater comprising a hollow radiant heating element, a concave reflector for gathering and distributing radiant heat from the said heatingelement, andan air` flue communicating with theinterior ofjthe said heating element and adapted to :con-

duct heated air upwardly 'away from the' said heating element.

2. An electric heater comprising a radiant,` heating element composed ofa tubular coreV of electrically non-conducting material, a conductor wound upon the said core andY adapted to radiate heat therefrom, a concave reflector for gathering and distributing radiant heat from thesaid heating-element, anda flue member communicating with the interior of the said tubular heating element and adapted to conduct heated Vair upwardly away from the saidfheating element and out ofthe said reflector. f

iio Y 3.l An electric heater comprising a radiant i heating element composed of a tubular core of electrically non-conducting material disposed with one end above the other, a cone ductor wound upon the said core and adapted to radiate heat therefrom, a concave refiector for gathering' and Vdistributing radiant heat from the said heating element, and two flue members disposed one above and one below the said heating element` and in line therewith, the said flues communicating with theinteriorof the said heating ele- Y lee nient `and with the outer an.

4. An electric heater comprising a radiant heating element composed of a tubular core of electrically non-conducting material havv ing spaced annular flanges, a conductor over the ends of the said core andspaced from the said conductor by the said flanges.

5. An electric heater comprising a radiant heating element composed of a tubular core of electrically non-conducting material having s aced annular flanges and having one` side attened, a conductor wound upon the said core between the said flanges, a reflector disposed adjacent to the said flattened side of the said heating element and adapted to gather and distribute radiant heat from the said heating'eleinent, and'tubular flue members fitting over the ends of the said core and spaced from the said conductor by the said flanges, the said flue members serving to support the said heating element and to conduct cold air thereto and heated air therefrom.

6. An electric heater or radiator comprising a body portion, a support therefor, a

' flue-like electric heating element firmly supported on said body portion, a concave reflector disposed behind the said heating element, electrical connections for said heating element connected therewith at approximately the center' of the said reflector and entirely independently of the support of the heating element on the body portion.

7. An electric heater or radiator comprising a concave reflector, a support therefor, a heating element mounted on said reflector and arranged to extend vertically thereof, said heating element being in the form of a hollow tube or flue whereby currents of air may enter at the bottoni of said flue, become heated by the heating element and be dissipated on the top of said flue-like heating element, and electrical connections for the said heating element connected therewith at approximately the center of the said reflector, the said connections being entirely independent of the support of the said heating element.

8. An electric heater or radiator comprising a concave reflector, a support therefor, a heating element comprising a hollow partially flattened tube formed of refractory material, and disposed vertically within the said reflector with its flat side toward the reflector, resistance windings disposed on the said tube, electrica-l connections for said windings, supports for said tube comprising tube-like extensions thereof, said extensions being firmly secured within the reflector of the heater at top and bottom thereof, said heating element and said connections forining a flue-like structure whereby cold air entering at the bottom thereof and passing through the heating element will be disseminated from the top of said flue-like structure.

In testimony whereof I, the said EMAN- UEL A. MARTIN, have hereunto set my hand.

EMANUEL A. MARTIN Titnesses Ross Onirow, CELIA P'rAsI-INIK. 

